Enzymatic extraction of anthocyanins from the pomace of aronia (Aronia melanocarpa).

Efficient extraction of natural pigments is a key focus in enhancing the utilization of by-products for applications in the food industry. In this study, an enzymatic extraction method using Pectinex Ultra SP-L, Pectinex XXL, Novoshape, and Celluclast was used to investigate natural pigment production from the pomace of aronia, a commercially important plant. The method's performance was monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection by measuring total and individual anthocyanin levels. Pectinex XXL (0.5%) yielded the highest total anthocyanin extraction (2 082.41 ± 85.69 mg/100 g) in the single enzyme treatment, followed by Pectinex Ultra SP-L (0.05%), Celluclast (0.01%), and Novoshape (0.1%). Combining Pectinex XXL (0.25%) with Celluclast (0.01%) increased the extraction ratio of total anthocyanins (2 323.04 ± 61.32 mg/100 g) by approximately 50.7% compared to that obtained using the solvent extraction method. This study demonstrated an effective enzymatic extraction method for application in the food industry.

Mental Health Mediators for Subjective, Not Objective, Cognition, and Community Participation Poststroke.

Previous studies have stated that both objective and subjective cognitive abilities and mental health symptoms are associated with community participation poststroke. However, there is a need to understand the direct and indirect associations among these variables in persons with stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate whether mental health symptoms mediate the associations of subjective and objective cognitive abilities with community participation poststroke. We built regression-based mediation models with 74 participants with mild to moderate stroke. Independent variables were objective and subjective cognitive abilities. The dependent variable was community participation. Mediators were mental health symptoms including depression, apathy, and anxiety. The results indicated that depression (b = .093), apathy (b = .134), and anxiety (b = .116) fully mediated the association between subjective cognitive ability (p < .05), but not objective cognitive ability (p > .05), and community participation poststroke. Our findings suggest that poor subjective cognitive ability combined with mental health symptoms should be addressed together to promote community participation poststroke.

Mental Health Mediators for Subjective, Not Objective, Cognition, and Community Participation PoststrokeResearchers and clinicians have used both objective and subjective tools to evaluate cognitive abilities including memory, attention, and thinking. Objective cognitive ability indicates the level of cognitive ability measured using an objective tool such as pen and paper tests while subjective cognitive ability refers to self-perceived cognitive ability indicated via self-report questionnaires. Previous studies have shown that both objective and subjective cognitive abilities and mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, and apathy) are associated with community participation in persons with stroke. However, there is a need to understand the direct and indirect associations among objective and subjective cognitive abilities, mental health symptoms, and community participation. In this context, we investigated if mental health symptoms mediated the associations of subjective and objective cognitive ability with community participation poststroke. Our results suggest that mental health symptoms fully mediated the associations between subjective cognitive ability and community participation but not the associations between objective cognitive ability and community participation poststroke. Our findings propose that rehabilitation and occupational therapy professionals should carefully monitor subjective cognitive problems with special attention to persons with poststroke depression, apathy, and anxiety to increase community participation poststroke.

Metabolomics Reveals the Effects of Nitrogen/Phosphorus/Potassium (NPK) Fertilizer Levels on Cucumber Fruit Raised in Different Nutrient Soils.

Fertilizers are widely used to improve the quality of fruits and vegetables. However, the overuse of fertilizers has become an issue because it causes environmental problems and negatively affects productivity and fruit quality. In this study, we examined the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer levels on the metabolism of cucumber fruit in low- and high-nutrient soils using mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics approaches. Cucumber metabolite content was notably different depending on the initial soil nutrient status. Most amino acids and phenylpropanoids were abundant in the cucumbers raised in low-nutrient soil, whereas organic acids, some amino acids (aspartate, glutamate, and ornithine), and carbohydrates were comparatively higher in fruits from high-nutrient soil. The fertilizer supply resulted in an alteration in the metabolite profile, while no change in fruit yield was observed in either low- or high-nutrient soils. Fertilizer treatment perturbed the metabolite contents in cucumbers from low-nutrient soil. In contrast, treatment with higher concentrations of fertilizer in high-nutrient soil increased phenylpropanoid content in the cucumbers, while most metabolites decreased. In conclusion, fertilization levels should be carefully determined, considering culture conditions such as the original soil status, to increase product yield and fruit quality and avoid environmental problems.

RiceProteomeDB (RPDB): a user-friendly database for proteomics data storage, retrieval, and analysis.

Rice, feeding a significant portion of the world, poses unique proteomic challenges critical to agricultural research and global food security. The complexity of the rice proteome, influenced by various genetic and environmental factors, demands specialized analytical approaches for effective study. The central challenges in rice proteomics lie in developing custom methods suited to the unique aspects of rice biology. These include data preprocessing, method selection, and result validation, all of which are essential for advancing rice research. Our aim is to decode these proteomic intricacies to facilitate breakthroughs in strain improvement, disease resistance, and yield optimization, all vital for combating global food insecurity. To achieve this, we have created the RiceProteomeDB (RPDB), a React + Django database, offering a streamlined and comprehensive platform for the analysis of rice proteomics data. RiceProteomeDB (RPDB) simplifies proteomics data management and analysis. It offers features for data organization, preprocessing, method selection, result validation, and data sharing. Researchers can access processed rice proteomics data, conduct analyses, and explore experimental conditions. The user-friendly web interface enhances navigation and interaction. RPDB fosters collaboration by enabling data sharing and proper acknowledgment of sources, contributing to proteomics research and knowledge dissemination. Availability and implementation: Web application: http://riceproteome.plantprofile.net/ . The web application's source code, user's manual, and sample data: https://github.com/dongu7610/Riceproteome .

Everolimus exerts anticancer effects through inhibiting the interaction of matrix metalloproteinase-7 with syndecan-2 in colon cancer cells.

Previous work showed that matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) regulates colon cancer activities through an interaction with syndecan-2 (SDC-2) and SDC-2-derived peptide that disrupts this interaction and exhibits anticancer activity in colon cancer. Here, to identify potential anticancer agents, a library of 1,379 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs that interact with the MMP-7 prodomain were virtually screened by protein-ligand docking score analysis using the GalaxyDock3 program. Among five candidates selected based on their structures and total energy values for interacting with the MMP-7 prodomain, the known mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) inhibitor, everolimus, showed the highest binding affinity and the strongest ability to disrupt the interaction of the MMP-7 prodomain with the SDC-2 extracellular domain in vitro. Everolimus treatment of the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line did not affect the mRNA expression levels of MMP-7 and SDC-2 but reduced the adhesion of cells to MMP-7 prodomain-coated plates and the cell-surface localization of MMP-7. Thus, everolimus appears to inhibit the interaction between MMP-7 and SDC-2. Everolimus treatment of HCT116 cells also reduced their gelatin-degradation activity and anticancer activities, including colony formation. Interestingly, cells treated with sirolimus, another mTOR inhibitor, triggered less gelatin-degradation activity, suggesting that this inhibitory effect of everolimus was not due to inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Consistently, everolimus inhibited the colony-forming ability of mTOR-resistant HT29 cells. Together, these data suggest that, in addition to inhibiting mTOR signaling, everolimus exerts anticancer activity by interfering with the interaction of MMP-7 and SDC-2, and could be a useful therapeutic anticancer drug for colon cancer.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The utility of cancer therapeutics targeting the proteolytic activities of MMPs is limited because MMPs are widely distributed throughout the body and involved in many different aspects of cell functions. This work specifically targets the activation of MMP-7 through its interaction with syndecan-2. Notably, everolimus, a known mTOR inhibitor, blocked this interaction, demonstrating a novel role for everolimus in inhibiting mTOR signaling and impairing the interaction of MMP-7 with syndecan-2 in colon cancer.

Novel PAX9 Mutations Causing Isolated Oligodontia.

Hypodontia, i.e., missing one or more teeth, is a relatively common human disease; however, oligodontia, i.e., missing six or more teeth, excluding the third molars, is a rare congenital disorder. Many genes have been shown to cause oligodontia in non-syndromic or syndromic conditions. In this study, we identified two novel PAX9 mutations in two non-syndromic oligodontia families. A mutational analysis identified a silent mutation (NM_006194.4: c.771G>A, p.(Gln257=)) in family 1 and a frameshift mutation caused by a single nucleotide duplication (c.637dup, p.(Asp213Glyfs*104)) in family 2. A minigene splicing assay revealed that the silent mutation resulted in aberrant pre-mRNA splicing instead of normal splicing. The altered splicing products are ones with an exon 4 deletion or using a cryptic 5' splicing site in exon 4. Mutational effects were further investigated using protein expression, luciferase activity assay and immunolocalization. We believe this study will not only expand the mutational spectrum of PAX9 mutations in oligodontia but also strengthen the diagnostic power related to the identified silent mutation.

The Relative Contribution of Facial and Body Information to the Perception of Cuteness.

Faces and bodies both provide cues to age and cuteness, but little work has explored their interaction in cuteness perception. This study examines the interplay of facial and bodily cues in the perception of cuteness, particularly when these cues convey conflicting age information. Participants rated the cuteness of face-body composites that combined either a child or adult face with an age-congruent or incongruent body alongside manipulations of the head-to-body height ratio (HBR). The findings from two experiments indicated that child-like facial features enhanced the perceived cuteness of adult bodies, while child-like bodily features generally had negative impacts. Furthermore, the results showed that an increased head size significantly boosted the perceived cuteness for child faces more than for adult faces. Lastly, the influence of the HBR was more pronounced when the outline of a body's silhouette was the only available information compared to when detailed facial and bodily features were presented. This study suggests that body proportion information, derived from the body's outline, and facial and bodily features, derived from the interior surface, are integrated to form a unitary representation of a whole person in cuteness perception. Our findings highlight the dominance of facial features over bodily information in cuteness perception, with facial attributes serving as key references for evaluating face-body relationships and body proportions. This research offers significant insights into social cognition and character design, particularly in how people perceive entities with mixed features of different social categories, underlining the importance of congruency in perceptual elements.

Genome-Wide Association Study for Agronomic Traits in Gamma-Ray-Derived Mutant Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.).

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), in the Malvaceae family, is an important crop for not only fiber production, but also various other industrial materials. We performed phylogenetic analysis and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of seven agronomic traits: days to flowering, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, flower color, stem color, and leaf shape, using 96 kenaf genotypes, including gamma-irradiation-derived mutant lines. Genotypes were determined by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and a total of 49,241 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used in the analysis. Days to flowering, plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight were positively correlated with each other, and stem color was also correlated with fresh weight and dry weight. The phylogenetic analysis divided the 96 lines into nine related groups within two independent groups, and the GWAS analysis detected a total of 49 SNPs for days to flowering, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, flower color, stem color, and leaf shape with -log10(P) ≥ 4, of which 22 were located in genic regions. The detected SNPs were located in genes with homology ranging from 45% to 96% to plants of the Malvaceae and Betulaceae, and these genes were found to be involved in plant growth and development via various pathways. Our identification of SNP markers related to agronomic traits is expected to help improve the quality of selective breeding programs for kenaf.

ATP1A1/BCL2L1 predicts the response of myelomonocytic and monocytic acute myeloid leukemia to cardiac glycosides.

Myelomonocytic and monocytic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes are intrinsically resistant to venetoclax-based regimens. Identifying targetable vulnerabilities would limit resistance and relapse. We previously documented the synergism of venetoclax and cardiac glycoside (CG) combination in AML. Despite preclinical evidence, the repurposing of cardiac glycosides (CGs) in cancer therapy remained unsuccessful due to a lack of predictive biomarkers. We report that the ex vivo response of AML patient blasts and the in vitro sensitivity of established cell lines to the hemi-synthetic CG UNBS1450 correlates with the ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1 (ATP1A1)/BCL2 like 1 (BCL2L1) expression ratio. Publicly available AML datasets identify myelomonocytic/monocytic differentiation as the most robust prognostic feature, along with core-binding factor subunit beta (CBFB), lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) rearrangements, and missense Fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations. Mechanistically, BCL2L1 protects from cell death commitment induced by the CG-mediated stepwise triggering of ionic perturbation, protein synthesis inhibition, and MCL1 downregulation. In vivo, CGs showed an overall tolerable profile while impacting tumor growth with an effect ranging from tumor growth inhibition to regression. These findings suggest a predictive marker for CG repurposing in specific AML subtypes.

The mediating effect of anxiety on the association between residual neurological impairment and post-stroke participation among persons with and without post-stroke depression.

Previous research has reported that residual neurological impairment and emotional factors play a role in regaining successful participation post-stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate the mediating impact of anxiety on the association between residual neurological impairment and participation in survivors with and without post-stroke depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 79) were classified into 2 categories, those with post-stroke depressive symptoms (N = 40) and those without post-stroke depressive symptoms (N = 39). Variables measured in this study: residual neurological impairment (NIH Stroke Scale Score), participation (Reintegration to Normal Living Index), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). A regression-based mediation analysis was conducted for each group of participants. The majority of participants had some level of anxiety. Residual neurological impairment predicted participation in stroke survivors both with (ß = -.45, p = .003) and without (ß = -.45, p = .004) post-stroke depressive symptoms. Anxiety mediated this relationship in participants with depressive symptoms (ß = -.19, 95% CI = -.361 ∼ -.049), but not in participants without depressive symptoms (ß = -.18, 95% CI = -.014 ∼ .378). Depressive and anxious symptoms should both be addressed to best facilitate participation by stroke survivors.

Antifungal Activity of Bulgarian Rose Damascena Oil against Vaginitis-Causing Opportunistic Fungi.

Since Bulgarian rose damascena oil is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, we investigated its antifungal activity against the species of Candida, which are among the most common opportunistic fungal pathogens. Our disk-diffusion assay revealed that Bulgarian rose damascena oil effectively inhibited the growth of Candida albicans along with various bacteria. The minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata were all 0.25%. Under our experimental conditions, Bulgarian rose damascena oil showed better inhibitory effects on Candida glabrata and Candida albicans than several popular essential oils reported to have antifungal activity other than Origanum vulgare oil. Interestingly, Bulgarian rose damascena oil showed better antifungal activity against Candida species at acidic pH and induced cell death of Candida species in the culture medium, with cell death seen in 25-35% of the cells exposed to 0.05% Bulgarian rose damascena oil. Furthermore, Bulgarian rose damascena oil inhibited the hyphal growth of Candida albicans cultured in the RPMI medium with fetal bovine serum. These findings collectively suggest that Bulgarian rose damascena oil has antifungal activity against Candida species and thus could potentially be developed in novel therapies for vaginitis-causing pathogenic fungi.

Oral health of older Koreans by region and family status in 2020-2021.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the oral health of older people by region and family status using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey. BACKGROUND: As the ageing of Korean society intensifies, health inequalities based on region and family status are also deepening. METHODS: Data from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Survey (2020-2021) conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used, and a total of 3437 older people aged 65 or older were selected as study participants. Chewing discomfort and oral health behaviours were assessed by region and family status using multivariable logistic regression analysis with the complex sample survey design. RESULTS: We found an association between living alone and greater chewing discomfort. Residing in rural areas was also associated with a higher prevalence of this. In urban areas, chewing discomfort was 1.27 times higher among older people living alone than in those not living alone, while in rural areas, the discomfort was 1.52 times higher among the older people who lived alone. CONCLUSIONS: Region and family status were associated with greater chewing discomfort in older people. In Korean society, where the number of single-person older people households is increasing, along with the ageing population, attention to resolving the disparities in oral health in older people is needed.

Cingulate white matter mediates the effects of fecal Ruminococcus on neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with amyloid-positive amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

BACKGROUND: Microbiota-gut-brain axis interacts with one another to regulate brain functions. However, whether the impacts of gut dysbiosis on limbic white matter (WM) tracts contribute to the neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in patients with amyloid-positive amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI+), have not been explored yet. This study aimed to investigate the mediation effects of limbic WM integrity on the association between gut microbiota and NPS in patients with aMCI+. METHODS: Twenty patients with aMCI + and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. All subjects underwent neuropsychological assessments and their microbial compositions were characterized using 16S rRNA Miseq sequencing technique. Amyloid deposition inspected by positron emission tomography imaging and limbic WM tracts (i.e., fornix, cingulum, and uncinate fasciculus) detected by diffusion tensor imaging were additionally measured in patients with aMCI+. We employed a regression-based mediation analysis using Hayes's PROCESS macro in this study. RESULTS: The relative abundance of genera Ruminococcus and Lactococcus was significantly decreased in patients with aMCI + versus HCs. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus was negatively correlated with affective symptom cluster in the aMCI + group. Notably, this association was mediated by WM integrity of the left cingulate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest Ruminococcus as a potential target for the management of affective impairments in patients with aMCI+.

Recessive COL17A1 Mutations and a Dominant LAMB3 Mutation Cause Hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta.

Hereditary conditions that affect tooth enamel in quantity and/or quality are called amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). AI can occur as an isolated condition or as a symptom of a syndrome. An OMIM search with the term "AI" yielded 79 result entries. Mutations in the same gene cause syndromic or non-syndromic AI, depending on the nature of the mutations. In this study, we recruited two AI families and performed mutational analysis using whole-exome sequencing. The proband of family 1, with hypoplastic pitted AI and mild localized atopic dermatitis, had compound heterozygous COL17A1 mutations (paternal NM_000494.4: c.3598G>T, p.Asp1200Tyr and maternal c.1700G>A, p.Gly567Glu). The proband of family 2, with hypoplastic pitted AI and Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, had a recurrent LAMB3 mutation (NM_000228.3: c.3463_3475del, p.(Glu1155Thrfs*51)) in addition to compound heterozygous mutations in the KCNQ1 gene.

2D High-Temperature Superconductor Integration in Contact Printed Circuit Boards.

Inherent properties of superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x films, such as the high superconducting transition temperature Tc, efficient Josephson coupling between neighboring CuO layers, and fast quasiparticle relaxation dynamics, make them a promising platform for advances in quantum computing and communication technologies. However, preserving two-dimensional superconductivity during device fabrication is an outstanding experimental challenge because of the fast degradation of the superconducting properties of two-dimensional flakes when they are exposed to moisture, organic solvents, and heat. Herein, to realize superconducting devices utilizing two-dimensional (2D) superconducting films, we develop a novel fabrication technique relying on the cryogenic dry transfer of printable circuits embedded into a silicon nitride membrane. This approach separates the circuit fabrication stage requiring chemically reactive substances and ionizing physical processes from the creation of the thin superconducting structures. Apart from providing electrical contacts in a single transfer step, the membrane encapsulates the surface of the crystal, shielding it from the environment. The fabricated atomically thin Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x-based devices show a high superconducting transition temperature of Tc ≃ 91 K close to that of the bulk crystal and demonstrate stable superconducting properties.

Comparison of reminder-preference test to difference and preference tests: An affective approach yielding d-prime results for sensory difference and preference.

Preserving the sensory characteristics of reformulated products is crucial for a successful market launch. This underscores the need for precise measurement of consumer perceptions regarding sensory differences and preferences. One approach to assess these aspects is through the utilization of the reminder-preference test, an affective difference-preference test employing the A-Not A with the reminder (A-Not AR) test design. This test measures sensory differences and preferences by employing a consolidated d' index rooted in signal detection theory and Thurstonian modeling. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the reminder-preference test in measuring the degree of sensory differences and interpreting their relevance concerning consumer preference. To achieve this, the test was compared with both the A-Not AR difference test and the 2-alternative choice (2-AC) preference test. A lemon-lime-flavored carbonated drink and two types of reformulated samples were tested. Young female adult subjects were randomly divided into three groups. Each took one of the following three tests: the reminder-preference test, the reminder test of A-Not AR, or the 2-AC preference test. The reference framing in the reminder-preference and reminder tests was preceded by subjects watching the product's advertisement to assist them in framing evaluative criteria. This would also facilitate memorizing the perception of the reference product. Test sensitivity in reminder-preference matched reminder and 2-AC tests for sensory differences and preferences. Affective framing enhanced sensitivity to sensory differences resulting in a higher d' value of the sensory difference than the preference. From the results, it was possible to interpret that the measured sensory differences did not affect consumer preference. The test also illuminated brand marketing effects on preferences through branded reference comparison. Thus, the reminder-preference test shows potential as an efficient sensory method to measure sensory differences and the preference of consumers, while concurrently measuring the effects of marketing on the consumers. Therefore, it can assist in making efficient business decisions regarding product reformulations.

Probing magnetic properties at the nanoscale: in-situ Hall measurements in a TEM.

We report on advanced in-situ magneto-transport measurements in a transmission electron microscope. The approach allows for concurrent magnetic imaging and high resolution structural and chemical characterization of the same sample. Proof-of-principle in-situ Hall measurements on presumably undemanding nickel thin films supported by micromagnetic simulations reveal that in samples with non-trivial structures and/or compositions, detailed knowledge of the latter is indispensable for a thorough understanding and reliable interpretation of the magneto-transport data. The proposed in-situ approach is thus expected to contribute to a better understanding of the Hall signatures in more complex magnetic textures.

SoyDBean: a database for SNPs reconciliation by multiple versions of soybean reference genomes.

Due to the development of sequence technology and decreased cost, many whole genome sequences have been obtained. As a result, extensive genetic variations have been discovered from many populations and germplasms to understand the genetic diversity of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). However, assessing the quality of variation is essential because the published variants were collected using different bioinformatic methods and parameters. Furthermore, despite the enhanced genome contiguity and more efficient filling of "N" stretches in the new reference genome, there remains a dearth of endeavors to verify the caliber of variations present in it. The primary goal of this research was to discern a dependable set of SNPs that can withstand reconciliation across multiple reference genomes. Additionally, the investigation aimed to reconfirm the variations through the utilization of numerous whole genome sequencing data obtained from publicly available databases. Based on the result, we created datasets that comprised the thoroughly verified SNP coordinates between the reference assemblies. The resulting "SoyDBean" database is now publicly accessible through the following URL: http://soydbean.plantprofile.net/ .

Sophora genomes provide insight into the evolution of alkaloid metabolites along with small-scale gene duplication.

The genus Sophora (Fabaceae) includes medicinal plants that have been used in East Asian countries since antiquity. Sophora flavescens is a perennial herb indigenous to China, India, Japan, Korea, and Russia. Its dried roots have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, apoptosis-modulating, and antitumor efficacy. The congeneric S. koreensis is endemic to Korea and its genome is less than half the size of that of S. flavescens. Nevertheless, this discrepancy can be used to assemble and validate the S. flavescens genome. A comparative genomic study of the two genomes can disclose the recent evolutionary divergence of the polymorphic phenotypic profiles of these species. Here, we used the PacBio sequencing platform to sequence and assemble the S. koreensis and S. flavescens genomes. We inferred that it was mainly small-scale duplication that occurred in S. flavescens. A KEGG analysis revealed pathways that might regulate the pharmacologically important secondary metabolites in S. flavescens and S. koreensis. The genome assemblies of Sophora spp. could be used in comparative genomics and data mining for various plant natural products.

Analysis of Endophytic Bacterial Communities and Investigation of Core Taxa in Apple Trees.

ire blight disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a devastating affliction in apple cultivation worldwide. Chemical pesticides have exhibited limited effectiveness in controlling the disease, and biological control options for treating fruit trees are limited. Therefore, a relatively large-scale survey is necessary to develop microbial agents for apple trees. Here we collected healthy apple trees from across the country to identify common and core bacterial taxa. We analyzed the endophytic bacterial communities in leaves and twigs and discovered that the twig bacterial communities were more conserved than those in the leaves, regardless of the origin of the sample. This finding indicates that specific endophytic taxa are consistently present in healthy apple trees and may be involved in vital functions such as disease prevention and growth. Furthermore, we compared the community metabolite pathway expression rates of these endophyte communities with those of E. amylovora infected apple trees and discovered that the endophyte communities in healthy apple trees not only had similar community structures but also similar metabolite pathway expression rates. Additionally, Pseudomonas and Methylobacterium-Methylorobrum were the dominant taxa in all healthy apple trees. Our findings provide valuable insights into the potential roles of endophytes in healthy apple trees and inform the development of strategies for enhancing apple growth and resilience. Moreover, the similarity in cluster structure and pathway analysis between healthy orchards was mutually reinforcing, demonstrating the power of microbiome analysis as a tool for identifying factors that contribute to plant health.